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Faith-based organizations play a major role in HIV/AIDS care and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa
Reprinted with permission from the World Health Organization.
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"Without the FBOs, the hope of universal access to prevention, treatment, and care is lost."
Ted Karpf, partnerships officer, WHO's Department of HIV/AIDS
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WASHINGTON—According to an important study released Feb. 8, 2007, by the World Health Organization (WHO) at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., efforts are needed to encourage greater collaboration between public health agencies and faith-based organizations (FBOs), if progress is to be made towards the goal of universal access towards HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support by 2010.
The report, Appreciating assets: mapping, understanding, translating and engaging religious health assets in Zambia and Lesotho, estimates that between 30 percent and 70 percent of the health infrastructure in Africa is currently owned by faith-based organizations yet there is often little cooperation between these organizations and mainstream public health programmes.
The study focused on Lesotho and Zambia, which had HIV prevalence rates of 23.2 percent and 17 percent respectively in 2005. It found that Christian hospitals and health centres are providing about 40 percent of HIV care and treatment services in Lesotho and almost a third of the HIV/AIDS treatment facilities in Zambia are run by FBOs.
Greater role than recognized
According to the report, FBOs play much a greater role in HIV/AIDS care and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa than previously recognized. The report concludes that greater coordination and better communication are urgently needed between organizations of different faiths and the private and public health sectors.
"Faith-based organizations are a vital part of civil society," said Dr. Kevin De Cock, director of WHO's Department of HIV/AIDS. "Since they provide a substantial portion of care in developing countries, often reaching vulnerable populations living under adverse conditions, FBOs must be recognized as essential contributors towards universal access efforts."
The pilot study was undertaken by partners in the African Religious Health Assets Programme (ARHAP) at the Universities of Cape Town, KwaZulu-Natal, and Witwatersrand in South Africa, and researchers from the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University in Atlanta. Researchers are confident that their efforts have yielded the first credible data capturing the extent to which FBOs are providing HIV/AIDS care in Lesotho and Zambia.
"The findings are trustworthy because they are validated by those who are experiencing the services," said Gary Gunderson, director of the Interfaith Health Program at Emory University. "The alignment of religious health assets with public systems through participatory techniques opens a basic pathway towards health that should apply widely across cultures."
Role of religion, culture in health
The researchers argue that health, religion, and cultural norms and values define the health-seeking strategies of many Africans. The failure of health policy makers to understand the overarching influence of religion – and the important role of FBOs in HIV treatment and care – could seriously undermine efforts to scale up health services.
"WHO has done a great service in quantifying the role of the faith community in providing HIV/AIDS care and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa," said the Reverend Canon John L. Peterson, director of the Center for Global Justice and Reconciliation (CGJR), Washington Cathedral. "Pastors, imams, and volunteers who minister to those who are suffering from deadly diseases are fully aware of their constituents' needs, and have responded with care on the front lines. This report provides great encouragement to the faith community to continue to expand its role and to work in close partnership with governments and NGOs,” he added.
The report calls for greater dialogue and action between religious and public health leaders in the following areas:
- Developing religious and public health literacy: Formal courses, joint training and shared materials to improve understanding between FBOs and public health agencies;
- Respectful engagement: Expanding community workshops (as used in this study) to engage more FBOs in community health work; and bringing together religious and public health leaders in “executive sessions" to encourage long-term collaboration in policy-making and project implementation;
- Coordinating religious and health systems: Extending the use of health mapping to identify FBOs that could help in scaling up services; strengthening community support groups and further linking them to nearby state-run hospitals, clinics, and dispensaries; and
- Further collaborative research: Extending the participatory mapping used in this study to other African countries and low- and middle-income regions of the world; and further examining the nature of intangible (spiritual encouragement, knowledge, etc.) health assets revealed in this report.
"This data demands that we continue to explore and expand the field. This is the first serious study of FBO engagement in HIV/AIDS, but it cannot be the last. We have only scratched the surface of what is happening and it is already clear that there is so much more to learn," said Ted Karpf, partnerships officer in WHO's Department of HIV/AIDS. "Donors and health-care funders need to take the role of FBOs into account. Without the FBOs, the hope of universal access to prevention, treatment and care is lost."
As the directing and coordinating authority on international health work, WHO takes the lead within the UN system in the global health sector's response to HIV/AIDS. WHO provides technical, evidence-based support to Member States to help strengthen health systems to provide a comprehensive and sustainable response to HIV/AIDS including treatment, care, support and prevention services through the health sector.
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